| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Chinese Hand Laundry Alliance ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Chinese Hand Laundry Alliance
The Chinese Hand Laundry Alliance (CHLA) is a labor organization〔() The Journal of Asian Studies〕 formed in 1933 to protect the civil rights of overseas Chinese living in North America〔() The Chinatown Files: Organizations(chinatownfiles.org)〕〔"Declaration of the Chinese Hand Laundry Alliance", p.183–185 (including notes), Judy Yung, Gordon H. Chang, and Him Mark Lai (compilers and editors), ''Chinese American Voices'', University of California Press (2006). ISBN 0-520-24310-2.〕 and "to help Chinese laundry workers break their isolation in American society."〔() Temple University: To Save China, To Save Ourselves by Renqiu Yu〕 An openly left-wing organization,〔 the CHLA used various means — including the slogans "To Save China, To Save Ourselves"〔 and "Resist Japan and Save China”〔() Chinese Vanguard, 3 March 1938, 1. (Translation by Chia Yin Hsu.)〕 — to oppose the Japanese invasion of Manchuria.〔〔〔() ''Chinese Vanguard'', 28 October 1937, 2. (Translation by Chia Yin Hsu.)〕
==Background==
In the United States and Canada in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the occupation of laundry worker was heavily identified with Chinese Americans to the extent that it became "the stereotypical occupation of a whole ethnic group."〔 Racial discrimination, lack of English language skills, and a deficit of economic capital kept most Chinese Americans out of more desirable careers. Around the turn of the 20th century, one in four ethnic Chinese men in the United States worked in a laundry. Conditions were hard and a typical launderer worked for ten to sixteen hours a day.〔〔This topic is also treated at length in Ban Seng Hoe, ''Enduring Hardship: The Chinese Laundry in Canada'', Canadian Museum of Civilization (2004). ISBN 0-660-19078-8.〕
According to one description:
Laundry work was especially wearisome, because it meant the soaking, scrubbing, and ironing of clothing solely by hand; moreover, prompt and high quality service was necessary to keep customers satisfied. Workers in laundries and groceries received the going wage of twenty-five dollars per month, and despite long hours the work-week was seven days. For the majority of the Chinese, then, the daily routine was almost solely working, eating, and sleeping. There were a few other occupations available to Chinese.〔() Heritage Community Foundation〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Chinese Hand Laundry Alliance」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|